It's sort of like the digital cable signal carrying 1s and 0s that deliver "Law & Order” episodes. When we talk about the nervous system sending "signals" to the brain, or synapses "firing," or the brain telling our hands to contract around a door handle, what we're talking about is electricity carrying messages between point A and point B. Since our bodies are huge masses of atoms, we can generate electricity. The flow of electrons between atoms is what we call electricity. Note that the atoms themselves can carry a positive or a negative charge. It all sounds pretty gruesome, and when you realize that he's describing about the generation of high-pressure shockwaves around the retina, it sounds like he's talking about a weapon which will make eyeballs explode.Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have a neutral charge, and electrons have a negative charge. This allows the delivery of large amounts of laser energy to produce strong thermal effects while suppressing unwanted pressure effects, or vice versa. We also discovered resonant effects in laser absorption and damage that allow the duration between pulses to be tuned to channel a greater or lesser fraction of the absorbed energy into shockfront and bubble production. We have discovered that the system exhibits chaotic dynamics…. We have developed a computational model that allows the calculation of damage resulting from a laser pulse of any duration or energy due to temperature rise, explosive bubble formation, and shock wave production. In order to cause damage to the absorbing material, the electromagnetic energy of the laser pulse must be converted to thermo-mechanical energy.
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